Student: badi mhadi al-bishi
Id : 403019
Day: sat – tue
Time: 5-9
Class on: MA4
Teacher:
Writing
Riyadh City Riyadh (Arabic : ar-Riya) is the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , located in the Najd region ,It is situated in the centre of the Arabian peninsula on a large plateau and is home to over 3,500,000people (14%of the nation ,s population) . Riyadh covers more than 600square miles (1,554km2). The city lies in Saudu asrabia ,s centeral corridor ,of development along with Buriaydah and Al Kharaj in the Ar Riyad administrative division . The other areas of concentrated population are two costal areas –around Jiddah and Mecca on the red Sea , and around Jubail and Dharan on the Persian gulf .Riyadh is located at 24042;42" North , 46 0 43, 27" East (24.711667,46.724167).{1} The city is divided into 17 Branch municipalities under the control of the Riyadh Municipality and the Riyadh Development Authority ,chaired by Riyadh province Governor Prince Salman Bin Abdul Aziz . Although in a highly arid area the city does receive some rainfall . five dams store the run off. There are also 96 wells and 290miles (467Km) of pipe bringing huge volumes of water from desalination plants on the Persian Gulf . History In pre Islamic times the settlement at the site was called Hajar .The is at the confluence of several rivers (now wadis)and much underground water is accessible at the site .The settlement was historically famous for its dates and orchards. Its name derives from the plural of the Arabic rowdhah (place of gardens.)The modern name was first app;ied to only certain parts of the settlement where orchards predominated . Gradually the name was used for the entire settlement . By the end of the 18th century , Riyadh was part of the First Saudi State ,with the capital at Diriyah .After the destruction of Diriyah in 1818by the Turks,The capital moved to Riyadh .Portions of Diriyah ,a city made of mud bricks still exisits . The city was seized in 1902by Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud .He went on to established the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932,with Riyadh the capital of the nation .The diplomatic capital did not move until 1982(from Jeddah). Recently the city has experienced very high rates of population growth ,which is indicated by the poor quality of development since the 1970s.